減壓閥是出口壓力控制閥（常開閥），由出口壓力控制并保持出口壓力恒定；減壓閥主要用于減小液壓系統中某一支路的壓力，并使其保持恒定。

　　A pressure reducing valve is an outlet pressure control valve (normally open valve) that is controlled by the outlet pressure and maintains a constant outlet pressure; Pressure reducing valves are mainly used to reduce the pressure of a certain branch in hydraulic systems and keep it constant.

　　直動式和先導式

　　Direct acting and pilot operated

　　減壓閥從結構上可以分為直動式和先導式。

　　Pressure reducing valves can be structurally divided into direct acting and pilot operated types.

　　直動式減壓閥

　　Direct acting pressure reducing valve

　　直動式減壓閥是出口壓力產生的力直接與調節彈簧對抗決定開閉。隨著出口壓力增高，閥口逐漸關閉，實現壓力恒定。

　　The direct acting pressure reducing valve is determined to open and close by the force generated by the outlet pressure directly opposing the regulating spring. As the outlet pressure increases, the valve gradually closes to achieve constant pressure.

　　先導式式減壓閥

　　Pilot operated pressure reducing valve

　　先導式減壓閥的出口壓力先作用于先導彈簧，克服先導彈簧后打開先導口，此時液體在閥內流通，由于主閥芯內有阻尼孔，液體在流經阻尼孔時產生進出口壓差，主閥芯在此壓差下逐漸關閉，實現壓力恒定。

　　The outlet pressure of the pilot operated pressure reducing valve first acts on the pilot spring, overcomes the pilot spring, and opens the pilot port. At this time, the liquid flows inside the valve. Due to the damping hole in the main valve core, the liquid generates an inlet and outlet pressure difference when flowing through the damping hole. The main valve core gradually closes under this pressure difference, achieving a constant pressure.

　　兩種減壓閥的特點

　　Characteristics of two types of pressure reducing valves

　　直動式減壓閥特點

　　Characteristics of direct acting pressure reducing valve

　　結構簡單：結構緊湊，易于維護。

　　Simple structure: compact and easy to maintain.

　　響應速度快：直接由入口壓力驅動閥芯動作，響應速度快，適用于需要快速響應的場合。

　　Fast response speed: The valve core is directly driven by the inlet pressure, with a fast response speed, suitable for situations that require quick response.

　　穩定性相對較差：受入口壓力波動影響較大，出口壓力穩定性相對較低。

　　Relatively poor stability: greatly affected by inlet pressure fluctuations, outlet pressure stability is relatively low.

　　適用范圍窄：適用于低壓差、小流量的工況。

　　Narrow applicability: suitable for low pressure drop and low flow conditions.

　　泄漏量小：通常泄漏量較小。

　　Small leakage: Usually, the leakage is small.

　　先導式減壓閥特點

　　Characteristics of pilot operated pressure reducing valve

　　結構復雜：由先導閥和主閥兩部分組成，結構相對復雜。

　　Complex structure: Composed of a pilot valve and a main valve, the structure is relatively complex.

　　響應速度相對較慢：先導閥的動作需要一定的時間來響應，因此響應速度相對較慢。

　　Relatively slow response speed: The action of the pilot valve requires a certain amount of time to respond, so the response speed is relatively slow.

　　適用范圍廣：能夠適應較大的壓力差和流量，可用于各種工況，包括高壓、大流量的場合。

　　Wide applicability: It can adapt to large pressure differences and flow rates, and can be used in various working conditions, including high-pressure and high flow situations.

　　穩定性好：出口壓力受入口壓力波動影響較小，穩定性較好。

　　Good stability: The outlet pressure is less affected by fluctuations in the inlet pressure, indicating good stability.

　　泄漏量相對較大：由于結構復雜，通常泄漏量會略大于直動式減壓閥。

　　The leakage amount is relatively large: due to the complex structure, the leakage amount is usually slightly larger than that of a direct acting pressure reducing valve.

　　應用場合

　　Application scenarios

　　① 降低液壓泵輸出油的壓力，供給低壓回路使用，如控制回路、潤滑系統，以及夾緊、定位和分度裝置等回路。

　　① Reduce the pressure of the hydraulic pump output oil and supply it to low-pressure circuits, such as control circuits, lubrication systems, and clamping, positioning, and indexing devices.

　　② 穩定壓力。減壓閥輸出的二次壓力比較穩定，使執行元件工作可以避免一次壓力油波動對它的影響。

　　② Stable pressure. The secondary pressure output of the pressure reducing valve is relatively stable, which can avoid the impact of primary pressure oil fluctuations on the operation of the actuator.

　　③ 根據不同需要，將液壓系統分成若干不同壓力的油路，以滿足控制油路、輔助油路或各種執行元件需要的不同工作壓力。

　　③ According to different needs, the hydraulic system is divided into several oil circuits with different pressures to meet the different working pressures required by the control oil circuit, auxiliary oil circuit, or various actuating components.

　　④ 與單向閥并聯實現單向減壓。

　　④ Parallel connection with a one-way valve to achieve one-way pressure reduction.

　　⑤ 與節流閥串聯，可以保證節流閥前、后壓力差為恒定，從而保證流過節流閥的流量不隨負載的變化而變化。

　　⑤ Connecting in series with the throttle valve can ensure a constant pressure difference between the front and rear of the throttle valve, thereby ensuring that the flow rate through the throttle valve does not change with changes in load.

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